Semax

What Semax Is

Semax is a synthetic 7-residue heptapeptide with sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro (MEHFPGP; molecular formula C₃₇H₅₁N₉O₁₀S; MW 813.92 Da; CAS 80714-61-0; DrugBank DB12203; PubChem CID 11074590; ChEMBL CHEMBL1809040). It was developed at the Russian Institute of Molecular Genetics as a metabolically stabilised analog of adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment ACTH(4-10). The C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro extension confers proteolytic resistance, extending in-vivo half-life from minutes (native ACTH fragment) to approximately 20-24 hours in research models.

Why It Is Studied — Five Research Axes

The 2024-2026 literature has materially expanded Semax’s mechanism narrative beyond the classical BDNF/TrkB framing:

• BDNF / TrkB axis — core preclinical pharmacology: single intranasal exposure raises BDNF protein and mRNA in rat hippocampus, with parallel TrkB receptor upregulation driving PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signalling.
• μ-opioid receptor (Oprm1) deubiquitination — Liu et al. 2025 (PMID 40692165): first demonstration that Semax promotes Oprm1 deubiquitination and functional recovery after spinal-cord injury in female mice.
• Copper chelation in Cu(II)-Aβ silencing — Tomasello et al. 2025 (PMID 40496623): Semax strips Cu(II) from amyloid-β species and silences ROS generation — discrete molecular mechanism for Alzheimer’s-model research.
• Intracellular Ca²⁺ modulation — Kolbaev et al. 2025 (PMID 41171324): first ionic-mechanism evidence that Semax alters intracellular Ca²⁺ dynamics in rat hippocampal neurons — bridges gene-expression effects to acute neuronal signalling.
• Regional ischemia transcriptomics — Filippenkov et al. 2025 (PMID 40650034; 2024, PMID 39767736): Semax compensates ischemia-responsive genes graded by damage severity across rat brain regions.

Vyunova et al. 2023 (PMID 36828803) also documents direct and delayed GABA-receptor effects, narrowing the historic mechanistic separation between Semax and Selank.

How Artemis Labs Sources and Verifies Semax

Each lot is supplied as a sterile lyophilised peptide powder, analytically verified by reverse-phase HPLC to ≥99% peptide purity, with identity confirmed by mass spectrometry. The compound shipped is the canonical 7-mer sequence MEHFPGP. A third-party Certificate of Analysis with residual-solvent and endotoxin reporting is available on request.

Honest Limitations of the Semax Evidence Base

(1) Russian-research dominance. The Semax literature is heavily concentrated in Russian research groups (notably Filippenkov / Stavchansky / Vyunova at the Russian Institute of Molecular Genetics). Independent replication outside the original-development network exists but is limited. (2) No US clinical-trial data of consequence. Semax has not undergone US phase-2 or phase-3 trials. The Russian regulatory registration (1996 prescription cerebrovascular medicine) is fact of foreign regulatory record — not an Artemis Labs efficacy or safety claim under US law. (3) 2025 mechanism surge is recent. The Oprm1 deubiquitination, Cu(II) chelation, and intracellular-Ca²⁺ findings are first-or-second-report — replication and integration into a unified Semax pharmacology model are pending. (4) Salt form heterogeneity. Commercial supply is typically the acetate salt; verify against batch COA when reproducing literature.

Class Positioning

Selank and Semax are the canonical “complementary Russian heptapeptide pair.” Both share Pro-Gly-Pro extension and intranasal-research framing. Semax (ACTH(4-10) derivative) is BDNF/TrkB and Oprm1 dominant; Selank (tuftsin derivative) is GABA / cytokine / anxiolytic dominant. Mechanistically complementary per Panikratova 2020 fMRI functional-connectomics work, not redundant. Both peptides are explored as part of the broader “Longevity Quartet” research framing alongside MOTS-c, SS-31, and GHK-Cu.

Regulatory and Compliance Framing

Semax is not FDA-approved; not DEA-scheduled; not on the EMA register. Registered in Russia (Ministry of Health, 1996) as a prescription intranasal cerebrovascular medicine — cited as fact of foreign regulatory record only. Not currently on the WADA Prohibited List 2026. Artemis Labs supplies Semax strictly as a research-grade reference compound. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Not for human consumption, therapeutic use, or veterinary use.

Science & Research

Mechanism of Action (Preclinical Models)

Semax produces multi-system effects in rodent brain that have been mapped through gene-expression, proteomic, and behavioral studies. The 2024-2026 literature has materially extended the mechanism narrative.

• BDNF / TrkB axis (historical core). Single intranasal exposure raises BDNF protein and mRNA in rat hippocampus with parallel TrkB receptor upregulation driving downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signalling associated with synaptic plasticity in research models.
• μ-Opioid receptor / Oprm1 gene regulation (Liu et al. 2025, PMID 40692165). First demonstration that Semax acts via Oprm1 deubiquitination, promoting functional recovery after spinal-cord injury in female mice.
• Copper chelation in Cu(II)-Aβ silencing (Tomasello et al. 2025, PMID 40496623). Semax acts as a Cu(II) chelator stripping copper from Cu(II)-amyloid-β species, silencing ROS generation — Alzheimer-model molecular mechanism.
• Direct intracellular Ca²⁺ modulation (Kolbaev et al. 2025, PMID 41171324). First ionic-mechanism evidence: Semax alters intracellular Ca²⁺ dynamics in rat hippocampal neurons.
• Regional ischemia transcriptomics (Filippenkov 2025, PMID 40650034; 2024, PMID 39767736). Semax’s gene-expression compensation is regionally graded by ischemic damage severity.
• GABA-receptor crosstalk (Vyunova et al. 2023, PMID 36828803). Direct and delayed GABA-receptor effects of Semax and synthetic corticotropins — mechanistic substrate for the historic “calm focus” phenotype.

2024-2026 Peer-Reviewed Updates (Chronological)

1. Filippenkov IB et al. (2024). Biomedicines. PMID 39767736
2. Inozemtseva LS et al. (2024). Eur J Pharmacol. PMID 39442746
3. Filippenkov IB et al. (2024). Biochemistry (Moscow). PMID 39418522
4. Tomasello MF et al. (2025). Bioinorg Chem Appl. PMID 40496623
5. Filippenkov IB et al. (2025). Int J Mol Sci. PMID 40650034
6. Liu R et al. (2025). Br J Pharmacol. PMID 40692165
7. Giri S et al. (2025). Neuropeptides. PMID 41004910
8. Kolbaev SN et al. (2025). Bull Exp Biol Med. PMID 41171324
9. Asadullah A et al. (2025). F1000Research. PMID 41179234
10. Radchenko AI et al. (2025). Acta Naturae. PMID 41479572
11. Rahman OF et al. (2026). JAAOS Glob Res Rev. PMID 41490200
12. Mavrych V et al. (2026). Front Aging. PMID 42021992

Supporting References (2023)

1. Vyunova TV et al. (2023). Chem Biol Drug Des. PMID 36828803
2. Filippenkov IB et al. (2023). Genes (Basel). PMID 37510287

Entity Disambiguation

Quality and Specifications

• Purity: ≥99% by RP-HPLC; identity confirmed by mass spectrometry
• Form: Lyophilised white powder, 10 mg/vial
• Storage: Lyophilised ≤ −20°C, desiccated, protected from light; reconstituted 2–8°C
• Documentation: Batch-specific Certificate of Analysis with HPLC chromatogram, MS ID, residual-solvent assay, and endotoxin testing

Honest Limitations

• Russian-research dominance — heavy concentration in one research network; independent replication limited.
• No US clinical-trial data. Russian 1996 registration is fact of foreign regulatory record only.
• 2025 mechanism surge is recent — Oprm1, Cu chelation, Ca²⁺ findings are first-or-second-report; replication pending.
• Salt-form heterogeneity in commercial supply — verify against batch COA.

Research Stacks

Stacking rationale below is mechanistic only. No dosing, frequency, duration, or protocol guidance is provided. Researchers design protocols against their own institutional review, not against vendor copy.

Semax × Selank

The canonical “complementary Russian heptapeptide pair.” Both share Pro-Gly-Pro extension and intranasal-exposure research framing. Semax engages BDNF/TrkB and Oprm1 pathways; Selank engages GABA/cytokine/tuftsin axes. Mechanistically complementary research compounds with distinct fMRI network signatures.

Semax × DSIP

Wake-cycle neurotrophic (Semax monoamine + BDNF activation) × sleep-axis neuropeptide (DSIP). Studied side-by-side in rodent sleep-recovery and stress-response paradigms. Mechanistically complementary CNS research peptides.

Semax × GHK-Cu

Both peptides influence copper homeostasis. Semax acts as a Cu(II) chelator in Cu(II)-Aβ complexes (Tomasello 2025, PMID 40496623); GHK-Cu is a copper-tripeptide complex itself. Co-application explored in aging-brain research models.

Semax × MOTS-c × SS-31

The “Longevity Quartet” research framing combines neurotrophic (Semax) + mitochondrial-derived signalling (MOTS-c) + mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SS-31) across longevity-research models.

Semax × BPC-157 / TB-500

Studied in animal models pairing central BDNF + Oprm1 effects (Semax) with tissue-repair pentadecapeptide effects (BPC-157 / TB-500) — CNS-recovery research design.

Related Compounds in Catalogue

For cognitive-axis research see Selank, DSIP. For longevity-quartet framing see MOTS-c, SS-31, GHK-Cu.