5-Amino-1MQ

What is 5-Amino-1MQ?

5-Amino-1MQ (5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small-molecule selective inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) — the enzyme that methylates nicotinamide using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. NNMT inhibition raises cellular NAD⁺ and SAM pools and has been characterized in rodent research models. 5-Amino-1MQ is a small molecule, not a peptide — catalogued alongside research peptides because of its mechanistic adjacency to metabolic and longevity research.

Why It Is Studied — Two Active Research Axes

Adipocyte and whole-body metabolic axis. The foundational NNMT-knockdown paper (Kraus et al., Nature 2014, PMID 24717514) established NNMT as a master regulator of adipocyte energy metabolism. Dimet-Wiley et al. (Scientific Reports 2022, PMID 35013352) showed 5-Amino-1MQ administration combined with a low-fat diet produced whole-body adiposity reduction and a distinct gut microbiome signature in diet-induced-obese mice. Babula et al. (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2024, PMID 39161060) extended the metabolic dossier with dose-dependent body-weight + fat-mass reduction, improved glucose tolerance, and attenuated hepatic steatosis in obese mice.

Skeletal-muscle regenerative-biology axis. Neelakantan et al. (Biochemical Pharmacology 2019, PMID 30753815) demonstrated activation of senescent muscle stem cells in aged mice with ≈70% increase in regenerated-muscle peak torque. Dimet-Wiley et al. (Scientific Reports 2024, PMID 38969654) showed 5A-1MQ and progressive weighted exercise produce additive grip-strength gains in aged mice via distinct molecular mechanisms. Liang et al. (Aging Cell 2024, PMID 38838088) identified elevated NNMT as a sarcopenia-status predictor (AUC > 0.7).

How Artemis Labs Sources and Verifies 5-Amino-1MQ

Each vial ships with the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis, mass-spectrometric identity confirmation, RP-HPLC chromatogram, residual-solvent assay, and chain-of-custody documentation. Purity standard is ≥99% by reverse-phase HPLC, identity confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Vendor supply across the wider market varies between the chloride salt (C₁₀H₁₁N₂·Cl, MW 194.66 g/mol, CAS 42464-96-0) and iodide salt forms — verify which form was used in any published protocol being reproduced.

Honest Limitations

The entire 5-Amino-1MQ efficacy and safety dossier consists of in-vitro and rodent studies — no human clinical trials have been published. Long-term (multi-month) exposure data does not exist in any published model; drug-interaction studies are absent; and most foundational in-vivo work originates from a single laboratory group (Watowich / Neelakantan at UTMB). Independent replication remains limited. The 2026 Trends in Pharmacological Sciences review frames NNMT-inhibitor clinical translation as an emerging opportunity rather than a delivered therapeutic result. Researchers should weight these gaps alongside the positive preclinical findings.

Class Positioning Within Research Catalogue

Unlike the NAD⁺ precursors NMN and NR (which directly supply pathway precursors), 5-Amino-1MQ acts upstream by preventing nicotinamide methylation — preserving the substrate pool. Unlike pan-ERR agonists such as SLU-PP-332, 5-Amino-1MQ targets cofactor metabolism rather than nuclear-receptor transcriptional programs. The two axes are often paired as orthogonal-mechanism research models — for example with MOTS-c (mitochondrial signalling) or SS-31 (mitochondrial-membrane stabilisation).

Regulatory and Compliance Framing

5-Amino-1MQ is a preclinical research compound. It has not entered human clinical trials, is not approved by the FDA or any other regulatory authority for human use, and is supplied by Artemis Labs strictly for in-vitro and pre-clinical laboratory research. State shipping restrictions may apply. WADA classification: not currently a named compound on the WADA Prohibited List; the broader “metabolic modulators” category is on WADA monitoring lists — factual framing only. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Not for human consumption, therapeutic use, or veterinary use.

Science & Research

Mechanism of Action — NNMT and the NAD⁺ Salvage Pathway

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to nicotinamide (NAM), producing 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). NNMT activity therefore consumes both the NAD⁺-biosynthesis precursor (via the salvage pathway) and the universal methyl donor SAM. 5-Amino-1MQ is a competitive small-molecule inhibitor binding at the NNMT active site; inhibition raises intracellular nicotinamide and SAM pools and increases poly-ADP-ribosylation and protein methylation in research-model adipocytes (Kraus et al., Nature 2014, PMID 24717514).

Research Axis 1 — Adipocyte and Whole-Body Metabolism

• NNMT knockdown protects against DIO — Kraus et al., 2014 (PMID 24717514): white-adipose NAD⁺ and SAM rise; energy expenditure rises; diet-induced obesity is resisted.
• Adipocyte glucose-responsive expression — Ehebauer et al., Life Sciences 2020 (PMID 32112869): NNMT is regulated by glucose availability in adipocytes.
• 5-Amino-1MQ in DIO mice + microbiome shift — Dimet-Wiley et al., Scientific Reports 2022 (PMID 35013352): whole-body adiposity reduction and distinct gut-microbiome signature.
• 28-day 5A1MQ obesity-dysfunction confirmation — Babula et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2024 (PMID 39161060): dose-dependent weight + fat-mass reduction; improved oral glucose tolerance; attenuated hepatic steatosis; PK confirms adipose / muscle / liver distribution.

Research Axis 2 — Skeletal Muscle and Sarcopenia

• Senescent muscle stem cell activation in aged mice — Neelakantan et al., Biochemical Pharmacology 2019 (PMID 30753815): NNMT inhibitor increased muscle stem cell proliferation and fusion, nearly doubled regenerating myofiber cross-sectional area, and increased peak torque ≈70%.
• NNMT as a sarcopenia target — Liang et al., Aging Cell 2024 (PMID 38838088): elevated NNMT in human sarcopenia samples; AUC > 0.7 for sarcopenia status.
• 5A-1MQ + exercise additive in aged mice — Dimet-Wiley et al., Scientific Reports 2024 (PMID 38969654): NNMT inhibition and progressive resistance exercise contribute distinct molecular mechanisms; combined treatment yields additive grip-strength gains.

Research Axis 3 — Tumor Microenvironment (Emerging Caveat)

NNMT-inhibition pharmacology extends into tumor microenvironment biology (Yang et al., J ImmunoTherapy Cancer 2024, PMID 39067875; Heide et al., Nature 2025, PMID 40702186) — NNMT in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance; pharmacological NNMT inhibition restores antitumor immunity. Treat as an emerging research axis distinct from the metabolic / muscle framing.

Class Comparator Snapshot

Honest Limitations

No human clinical trials. Long-term-exposure data absent. Drug interactions unstudied. Most foundational in-vivo work originates from a single laboratory group (Watowich / Neelakantan, UTMB) — independent replication outside this group remains thin. Vendor supply varies in salt form (chloride vs iodide vs free base) — verify which form was used in any literature being reproduced.

Quality and Specifications

• Purity: ≥99% by RP-HPLC; identity confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS.
• Form: Lyophilized powder.
• Storage: Lyophilized at −20°C protected from light; reconstituted at 2–8°C, use within research-validated stability window.
• Documentation: Batch-specific Certificate of Analysis, HPLC chromatogram, mass-spectrometric ID, residual-solvent assay, chain-of-custody.
• Salt form: Chloride salt form (C₁₀H₁₁N₂·Cl, MW 194.66 g/mol, CAS 42464-96-0) widely supplied; iodide form also common in the market. Verify the salt form on the batch COA against any published protocol being reproduced.

References (10 PubMed-Verified)

1. Kraus D, et al. (2014). Nature. PMID 24717514 · DOI: 10.1038/nature13198
2. Ehebauer F, et al. (2020). Life Sciences. PMID 32112869
3. Dimet-Wiley A, et al. (2022). Scientific Reports. PMID 35013352
4. Park J, et al. (2024). Archives of Pharmaceutical Research. PMID 39604638
5. Yang M, et al. (2024). J ImmunoTherapy Cancer. PMID 39067875
6. Heide J, et al. (2025). Nature. PMID 40702186
7. Neelakantan H, et al. (2019). Biochemical Pharmacology. PMID 30753815
8. Liang J, et al. (2024). Aging Cell. PMID 38838088
9. Dimet-Wiley AL, et al. (2024). Scientific Reports. PMID 38969654
10. Babula JJ, et al. (2024). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. PMID 39161060

Research Stacks

Stacking rationale below is mechanistic only. No dosing, frequency, duration, or protocol guidance is provided. Researchers design protocols against their own institutional review, not against vendor copy.

5-Amino-1MQ × MOTS-c

NNMT inhibitor × mitochondrial-derived peptide. Both modulate NAD⁺-axis biology and mitochondrial signalling from different molecular entry points. Used in research models examining whether cofactor-pool restoration (5-Amino-1MQ) and mitochondrial-derived signalling (MOTS-c) produce additive or redundant phenotypes.

5-Amino-1MQ × SLU-PP-332

NNMT inhibitor × pan-ERR agonist. Parallel-pathway research model: adipocyte NAD⁺ pool restoration alongside ERR-driven oxidative-metabolism transcription. Mechanistically orthogonal — examined together to dissect cofactor-pool effects from nuclear-receptor effects.

5-Amino-1MQ × SS-31

NNMT inhibitor × mitochondrial-targeted peptide. Research-model contrast between upstream cofactor-pool restoration and direct mitochondrial-membrane stabilisation. Useful when distinguishing NAD⁺-pathway effects from membrane-level mitochondrial protection in aged-muscle or aged-adipocyte models.

5-Amino-1MQ × Tirzepatide

Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor × incretin co-agonist. Used as orthogonal mechanism comparator in adipocyte and hepatic research models — NNMT-mediated cofactor pharmacology versus incretin-driven satiety signalling. The two compounds work via entirely different molecular axes; pairing them is a research-model tool for separating central-appetite effects from peripheral-metabolic effects.

Related Compounds in Catalogue

For NAD⁺-axis research see MOTS-c, SS-31. For appetite / metabolic-rate research see Tirzepatide, Retatrutide. For tissue-regenerative research context see BPC-157, BPC-157 / TB-500.