The copper-toxicity record for GHK-Cu is mixed and mostly reassuring in cell studies. It is also almost entirely silent, because no human has been studied outside the skin.
GHK-Cu has exactly two human randomized trials, published in 1992 and 2006. Both were topical, and both were negative on every objective endpoint measured.
Every human hair study involving GHK or GHK-Cu tested a mixed formulation with other active ingredients. No single-agent human hair study is indexed in PubMed.
The expansive gene-expression claims about GHK trace to reviews sharing one company address. The only independent primary study is a 2012 computational screen.
What published work reports about the copper in GHK-Cu: bound copper versus free copper salts, the biphasic curve, and where the peptide may not be the active part.
What a GHK-Cu COA should show: sequence Gly-His-Lys, CID 71587328, 402.92 for the complex and 340.38 for the copper-free peptide.
A plain-language review of the published GHK-Cu inflammation literature: which studies used cells, which used mice, which used zebrafish, and what each one found.
Semax is a seven-amino-acid peptide, CID 9811102. A plain-language look at what it is, where it came from, and which research areas it has actually been studied in.
Semax and Selank are both Russian-developed heptapeptides. This page compares what has actually been published on each, and how strong that evidence is.
Semax is called both an ACTH(4-10) analog and ACTH(4-7)PGP. Both are right. Here are the two sequences, molecular weights, CAS numbers and PubChem CIDs, side by side.